What is a significant effect of compact soil on plants?

Compact soil significantly influences plant growth primarily by increasing fertilizer and irrigation needs. When soil is compacted, the spaces between soil particles become reduced, which limits the movement of air, water, and nutrients. This lack of aeration and reduced water infiltration can lead to a decline in soil health, making it more challenging for plants to access the moisture and nutrients they require for optimal growth.

As a result, plants may experience stress and exhibit slow growth or reduced vigor. To compensate for the limitations imposed by compacted soil, growers often need to apply additional fertilizer to meet nutrient demands and increase irrigation to ensure that plants receive sufficient water. This means that the management of compacted soils often entails greater input of resources to ensure plant health and productivity.

Other aspects like nutrient availability might also become compromised due to compaction, but the immediate and observable response for many growers is the need to adjust their fertilization and watering practices to account for the increased demands placed on the plants in such conditions.