What effect does compacted soil have on water infiltration?

Compacted soil has a significant impact on water infiltration, primarily reducing its ability to absorb moisture. When soil is compacted, the particles are pressed tightly together, which decreases the pore spaces between them. These pore spaces are essential for water to infiltrate, as they allow water to move through the soil profile. When the soil is densely packed, water cannot easily penetrate, leading to slower infiltration rates.

In addition to limiting infiltration, compacted soil can also lead to increased surface runoff. Since the water is unable to enter the soil efficiently, it tends to flow over the surface instead. This not only affects the availability of water for plant roots but can also contribute to erosion and nutrient depletion in the upper soil layers. Therefore, the correct understanding of how compacted soil affects water infiltration is crucial for effective soil management and agricultural practices.