What does groundwater contamination primarily stem from?

Groundwater contamination primarily stems from runoff and fertilizer application because these practices lead to the leaching of harmful substances into the soil, which can then reach the groundwater. When fertilizers are applied to agricultural fields, they can wash away with rain or irrigation water, transporting nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates. If these compounds are not absorbed by plants or utilized effectively, they can seep into the soil and subsequently contaminate the groundwater supplies.

This process is exacerbated by factors such as the over-application of fertilizers, improper timing of application, and heavy rainfall, which can increase runoff. Groundwater, being a vital source of drinking water for many communities, can suffer significant quality issues when exposed to excess nutrients and agricultural chemicals. Understanding the relationship between fertilizer usage and water quality is crucial for effective land management and protecting water resources.