What defines soil erosion?

Soil erosion is specifically defined as the removal of the top layer of soil, which is often the most fertile part. This process can occur due to the action of water or wind, both of which can displace soil particles, leading to a loss of that vital topsoil. When topsoil is removed, it can have significant implications for agricultural productivity, as this layer contains essential nutrients and organic materials necessary for healthy plant growth.

Understanding soil erosion is critical because it affects not only crop yield but also the broader ecosystem, including water quality and soil health. In contrast to the other options, which relate to different aspects of soil and its characteristics, the definition focuses directly on the physical process of soil being removed and transported, highlighting the environmental challenges associated with erosion.